Der Fenstermanager Openbox
Openbox ist ein Standard-konformer Fenstermanager, der wie TWM ohne eigenes Panel kommt, jedoch deutlich intuitiver zu bedienen ist. Die in Desktopumgebungen wie Gnome, KDE Plasma oder Xfce enthaltenen Fenstermanager Mutter, KWin oder Xfwm lassen sich recht gut gegen Openbox auswechseln.
Hier wird Openbox als Alternative zu TWM vorgestellt und soll hier auch beispielhaft vergleichbar konfiguriert werden.
Installation
su - apt update apt install openbox exit
Konfiguration
Initialisierung
Füe den Anfang wird empfohlen die Datei /etc/xdg/openbox/rc.xml nach ~/.config/openbox/ zu kopieren, und diese dann mit dem Tool Obconf anzupassen.
Umgebung für Openbox
# ~/.config/openbox/environment # # Sprache einstellen: LANG=de_DE.UTF8 # Deutsche Tastaturbelegung setxkbmap -model evdev -layout de
Autostart für Openbox
# ~/.config/openbox/autostart # # Diese Dienste werden zusammen mit Openbox gestartet /usr/bin/gnome-keyring-daemon -s & /usr/lib/policykit-1-gnome/polkit-gnome-authentication-agent-1 & /usr/lib/notification-daemon/notification-daemon & #idesk & /usr/bin/xscreensaver -no-splash & xclock -geometry 100x100-1+1 & ~/.fehbg
Das Openbox-Menü
hier mit Icons im Menü
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<openbox_menu xmlns="http://openbox.org/"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://openbox.org/
file:///usr/share/openbox/menu.xsd">
<menu id="root-menu" label="Openbox 3">
<item label="Xterm" icon="/usr/share/pixmaps/mini.xterm_32x32.xpm">
<action name="Execute"><execute>xterm -name login</execute></action>
</item>
<item label="Info" icon="/usr/share/icons/gnome/16x16/status/dialog-information.png">
<action name="Execute"><execute>~/.config/openbox/obinfo</execute></action>
</item>
<item label="Lautstärkeregler" icon="/usr/share/icons/gnome/16x16/apps/multimedia-volume-control.png">
<action name="Execute"><execute>pavucontrol</execute></action>
</item>
<item label="Uhr" icon="/usr/share/icons/gnome/16x16/status/appointment-soon.png">
<action name="Execute"><execute>xclock -geometry 100x100-1+1</execute></action>
</item>
<separator />
<item label="Firefox" icon="/usr/share/icons/hicolor/16x16/apps/firefox-esr.png">
<action name="Execute"><execute>firefox-esr</execute></action>
</item>
<item label="KeePassX" icon="/usr/share/icons/hicolor/16x16/apps/keepassx.png">
<action name="Execute"><execute>keepassx</execute></action>
</item>
<item label="Midnight Commander" icon="/usr/share/pixmaps/mc.xpm">
<action name="Execute"><execute>x-terminal-emulator -e "mc"</execute></action>
</item>
<item label="Synaptic-Paketverwaltung" icon="/usr/share/pixmaps/synaptic.png">
<action name="Execute"><execute>synaptic-pkexec</execute></action>
</item>
<item label="Vim" icon="/usr/share/icons/hicolor/48x48/apps/gvim.png">
<action name="Execute"><execute>x-terminal-emulator -e "vim"</execute></action>
</item>
<menu id="/Internet" icon="/usr/share/icons/gnome/16x16/categories/applications-internet.png" label="Internet">
<item label="W3M Browser" icon="/usr/share/icons/gnome/16x16/apps/web-browser.png">
<action name="Execute"><execute>x-terminal-emulator -T "w3m" -e sh -c "/usr/bin/w3m /usr/share/doc/w3m/MANUAL.html"</execute></action>
</item>
<item label="Lynx Browser" icon="/usr/share/icons/gnome/16x16/apps/web-browser.png">
<action name="Execute"><execute>x-terminal-emulator -T "Lynx" -e sh -c "lynx"</execute></action>
</item>
<item label="Falkon Browser" icon="/usr/share/icons/hicolor/16x16/apps/falkon.png">
<action name="Execute"><execute>falkon</execute></action>
</item>
<item label="Mutt Mail-Client" icon="/usr/share/pixmaps/mutt.xpm">
<action name="Execute"><execute>x-terminal-emulator -e "mutt"</execute></action>
</item>
<item label="Thunderbird Mail" icon="/usr/share/icons/hicolor/16x16/apps/thunderbird.png">
<action name="Execute"><execute>thunderbird</execute></action>
</item>
<item label="NetworkManager Einstellungen" icon="/usr/share/icons/gnome/16x16/categories/preferences-system-network.png">
<action name="Execute"><execute>nm-connection-editor</execute></action>
</item>
</menu>
<menu id="/System" icon="/usr/share/icons/gnome/16x16/categories/applications-system.png" label="System">
<item label="Thunar Dateiverwaltung" icon="/usr/share/icons/hicolor/16x16/apps/org.xfce.thunar.png">
<action name="Execute"><execute>thunar</execute></action>
</item>
<item label="GParted" icon="/usr/share/icons/hicolor/16x16/apps/gparted.png">
<action name="Execute"><execute>/usr/sbin/gparted</execute></action>
</item>
<item label="LightDM" icon="/usr/share/icons/hicolor/16x16/apps/lightdm-gtk-greeter-settings.png">
<action name="Execute"><execute>lightdm-gtk-greeter-settings-pkexec</execute></action>
</item>
<item label="Seahorse Passwörter" icon="/usr/share/icons/hicolor/scalable/apps/org.gnome.seahorse.Application.svg">
<action name="Execute"><execute>seahorse</execute></action>
</item>
<item label="Rxvt Terminal" icon="/usr/share/pixmaps/urxvt_48x48.xpm">
<action name="Execute"><execute>urxvt</execute></action>
</item>
<item label="Xfce Termial" icon="/usr/share/icons/gnome/16x16/apps/utilities-terminal.png">
<action name="Execute"><execute>xfce4-terminal</execute></action>
</item>
<item label="X ScreenSaver Einstellungen" icon="/usr/share/icons/gnome/16x16/apps/preferences-desktop-screensaver.png">
<action name="Execute"><execute>/usr/bin/xscreensaver-command -prefs</execute></action>
</item>
</menu>
<menu id="/Accessories" icon="/usr/share/icons/gnome/16x16/categories/applications-accessories.png" label="Zubehör">
<item label="Bildschirmfoto" icon="/usr/share/icons/gnome/16x16/apps/applets-screenshooter.png">
<action name="Execute"><execute>xfce4-screenshooter</execute></action>
</item>
<item label="Brasero CD/DVD Brenner" icon="/usr/share/icons/hicolor/16x16/apps/brasero.png">
<action name="Execute"><execute>brasero</execute></action>
</item>
<item label="Cheese" icon="/usr/share/icons/hicolor/scalable/apps/org.gnome.Cheese.svg">
<action name="Execute"><execute>cheese</execute></action>
</item>
<item label="XSane" icon="/usr/share/pixmaps/xsane.png">
<action name="Execute"><execute>xsane</execute></action>
</item>
<item label="Rechner" icon="/usr/share/icons/gnome/16x16/apps/accessories-calculator.png">
<action name="Execute"><execute>xcalc</execute></action>
</item>
<item label="X Manpages" icon="/usr/share/icons/gnome/16x16/apps/help-browser.png">
<action name="Execute"><execute>xman</execute></action>
</item>
</menu>
<separator />
<menu id="/Windowmanager" icon="/usr/share/icons/gnome/16x16/apps/preferences-system-windows.png" label="Fenstermanager">
<item label="FluxBox">
<action name="Restart"><execute>pkill xclock ; fluxbox</execute></action>
</item>
<item label="IceWM" icon="/usr/share/icewm/icons/icewm_32x32.xpm">
<action name="Restart"><execute>pkill xclock ; icewm</execute></action>
</item>
<item label="FVWM" icon="/usr/share/fvwm/default-config/images/fvwm-logo-small.png">
<action name="Restart"><execute>pkill xclock ; fvwm</execute></action>
</item>
<item label="Openbox" icon="/usr/share/pixmaps/openbox.png">
<action name="Restart" />
</item>
<item label="TWM">
<action name="Restart"><execute>twm</execute></action>
</item>
</menu>
<separator />
<item label="ObConf" icon="/usr/share/pixmaps/obconf.png">
<action name="Execute"><execute>obconf</execute></action>
</item>
<item label="Konfiguration neu einlesen" icon="/usr/share/icons/gnome/16x16/actions/view-restore.png">
<action name="Reconfigure" />
</item>
<separator />
<menu id="/Session" icon="/usr/share/icons/gnome/16x16/actions/application-exit.png" label="Sitzung">
<item label="Herunterfahren" icon="/usr/share/icons/gnome/16x16/actions/system-shutdown.png">
<action name="Execute"><execute>/sbin/shutdown -h now</execute></action>
</item>
<item label="Neustart" icon="/usr/share/icons/gnome/16x16/actions/edit-redo.png">
<action name="Execute"><execute>/sbin/shutdown -r now</execute></action>
</item>
<item label="Sperren" icon="/usr/share/icons/gnome/16x16/actions/system-lock-screen.png">
<action name="Execute"><execute>/usr/bin/xscreensaver-command -lock</execute></action>
</item>
<item label="Abmelden" icon="/usr/share/icons/gnome/16x16/actions/system-log-out.png">
<action name="Exit" />
</item>
</menu>
<item label="Abmelden" icon="/usr/share/icons/gnome/16x16/actions/system-log-out.png">
<action name="Exit" />
</item>
</menu>
</openbox_menu>
Weitere Fenstermanager starten
Auch Openbox lässt sich auf andere Textkonsolen als weiterer Fenstermanager starten. Da Openbox bereits sein eigenes Session-Management mitbringt, fällt das Programm gegenüber TWM entsprechend einfacher aus.
#!/usr/bin/sh
#
# ~/.local/bin/startob
TTYnr=$(tty | awk -F "y" -- '{ print($2) }')
cat> ~/.xinitrc$TTYnr <<"EOF"
openbox-session
EOF
startx ~/.xinitrc$TTYnr -- ":$TTYnr"
rm ~/.xinitrc$TTYnr